Studies
Publications
Original scales: Please cite this papers for the original scales
O1. SAVE-9 for healthcare workers
Chung S, Kim HJ, Ahn MH, Yeo S, Lee J, Kim K, Kang S, Suh S, Shin YW.
Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale for assessing work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers in response to COVID-19. JKMS, 2021 / PsyArXiv. June 11 (preprint)
O2. SAVE-6 for general population
Chung S, Ahn MH, Lee S, Kang S, Suh S, Shin YW.
The Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6); A new instrument for assessing anxiety response to the viral epidemic of general population in COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 4 June 2021
O3. SAVE-3, a brief measurement for healthcare workers' work-related stress
Son HS, Ahn MH, Kim K, Cho IK, Lee J, Suh S, Chung S.
Utility of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-3 Items as a Tool for Assessing Work-Related Stress, and Relationship With Insomnia and Burnout of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sleep Med Res, 2021
04. SAVE-9 for schoolteachers
Yoo S, Lee J, Ju G, Lee S, Suh S, Chung S.
Psychometric properties of the teacher version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 scale for assessing work-related stress and anxiety during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Front Psychiaty 2021;12:756195
Validation studies in other languages
V9-1. Russian ver. SAVE-9
Mosolova E, Chung S, Sosin D, Mosolov S.
Stress and anxiety among healthcare workers associated with COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. Psychiatr Danub 2020;32:549-556, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2022;14(1):45–5
V9-2. Italian ver. SAVE-9
Tavormina G, Tavormina MGM, Franza F, Aldi G, Amici P, Amorosi M, Anzallo C, Cervone A, Costa D, D'Errico I, Ferella G, Harnic D, Juli MR, Lisa G, Litta A, Marcasciano S, Mazza A, Meloni E, Mendolicchio L, Mino MV, Moretti P, Perito M, Russiello M, Sanna JT, Sidari A, Sinisi Il, Solomita B, Spurio MG, Stranieri G, Tavormina R, Vacca A, Vellante F, Vitarisi S, Shin YW, Chung S.
A new rating scale (SAVE-9) to demonstrate the stress and anxiety in the healthcare workers during the COVID-19 viral epidemic. Psychiatr Danub 2020;32:238-277
V9-3. Japanese ver. SAVE-9
Okajima I, Chung S, Suh S.
Development and Validation of the Japanese-version of the SAVE-9 among healthcare workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. Sleep Medicine 2021;84:397-402
V9-4. German ver. SAVE-9
König J. Chung S, Ertl V, Doering B, Comtesse H, Unterhitzenberger J, Barke A
The German translation of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale – results from healthcare workers during the second wave of COVID-19. IJERPH, 2021,18, 9377
V9-5. Turkish ver. SAVE-9
Uzun N, Akça ÖF, Bilgiç A, Chung S
The validity and reliability of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 items Scale in Turkish health care professionals. J Community Psychol 2022 Mar;50(2):797-805
V9-6. Malay ver. SAVE-9
Gamonal B, Quispe-Lizano R, Javier-Murillo N, Lapeyre-Rivera A, Perea-Floorez F, Velasquez-Rimachi V, Alva-Diaz C, Velazco-Gonzales G, Ahmed O, Chung S.
Adaptation and validation of the Malay version of SAVE-9, a work-related stress and viral anxiety scale for healthcare workers. Front Psychiatry 2024.15:1352896
V9-7. Peruvian Spanish ver. SAVE-9
Wasimin FS, Thum SCC, Tseu MWL, Kamu A, Ho CM, Pang NTP, Chung S, Wider W.
Comparison of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 and SAVE-6 scales among healthcare workers in Peru IJERPH 2022, 19, 10673
V6-1. English ver. SAVE-6
Lee S, Lee J, Suh S, Chung S, Lee SA
Psychometric properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) scale: A test in the U.S. general population. Front Psychiatr 2021.12:746244
V6-2. Arabic ver. SAVE-6
Hong Y, Yoo S, Mreydem HW, Abou Ali BT, Saleh, NO, Hammoudi SF, Lee J, Suh S, Chung S.
Factorial validity of the Arabic version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-6 items (SAVE-6) scale among general population in Lebanon. J Korean Med Sci 2021 Jun 28;36(25):e168.
V6-3. Spanish ver. SAVE-6
Moraleda-Cibrián M, Ahmed O, Albares-Tendero J, Chung S.
Validity and Reliability of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) Scale to measure viral anxiety of Spain's healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022;12:796225
V6-4. Bangla ver. SAVE-6
Ahmed O, Hossain KN, Hiramoni FA, Siddique RF, Chung S.
Psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items scale among the general population in Bangladesh. Front Psychiatry 2022;13:804162
V6-5. French-Canadian ver. SAVE-6
Park CHK, Ahmed O, Lee S, Suh S, Chung S, Gouin JP
The psychometric properties of the French-Canadian Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Scale for measuring the viral anxiety of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022;13:807312
V6-6. Malay ver. SAVE-6
Pang NTP, Tseu MWL, Gupta P, Dhaarshini J, Kamu A, Ho CM, Ahmed O, Chung S
Adaptation and validation of the Malay version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6) scale among the general population. Front Psychiatry 2022;13:908825
V6-7. Chinese ver. SAVE-6
Runlian H, Xinjie D, Ahmed O, Cho E, Chung S
Application of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 to Measure the Anxiety Response of Cold Chain Practitioners During the COVID-19 Post-Pandemic Era in China. Psychiatry Investigation 2023;20:75-83
V6-8. Peruvian Spanish ver. SAVE-6
Lapeyre-Rivera A, Javier-Murillo N, Perea-Flórez F, Gamonal B, Velasquez-Rimachi V, Alva-Diaz CA, Ahmed O, Chung S
Validation of the Peruvian Spanish version of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) scale to measure viral anxiety of medical students during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2022;13:876379
Applying the SAVE-9 scales / COVID-19
A1. Ahn MH, Shin YW, Suh S, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Lee KU, Chung S.
High work-related stress and anxiety response to COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional online survey study in South Korea. JMIR Public Health Surveillance. 2021.7(10):e25489
A2. Lee J, Lee HJ, Hong Y, Shin YW, Chung S, Park J.
Risk perception, unhealthy behavior, and anxiety due to viral epidemic among healthcare workers: the relationships with depressive and insomnia symptoms during COVID-19. Korea Front Psychiatr 19 March 2021
A3. Hong Y, Lee J, Lee HJ, Kim K, Cho IK, Ahn MH, Shin YW, Park J, Chung S.
Resilience and work-related stress to viral epidemic of nurses may affect on their depressive symptoms in COVID-19 pandemic era. Korea Psychiatr Investig 2021;18:357-363
A4. Son HS, Kim K, Cho IK, Choi JM, Kil KH, Kim J, Hong Y, Chung S.
Healthcare Workers’ Resilience Mediates the Influence of Organizational Commitment and Anxiety Response to Viral Epidemic on Their Quality of Life in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Korea Front Psychiatr 4 Jan 2022
A5. Hong J, Jung I, Park M, Kim K, Yeo S, Lee J, Suh S, Hong Y, Park J, Chung S.
The attitudes of medical students for their roles and social accountability in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Korea Front Psychiatr 1 June 2021 Survey form
A6. Ahn MH, Lee J, Suh S, Lee S, Kim HJ, Shin YW, Chung S.
Application of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-6 and Coronavirus Anxiety scales to measure cancer patient anxiety in response to the COVID-19. Korea Front Psychol 23 November 2020
A7. Kim K, Kim H, Ahn MH, Son KY, Seo S, Kim JE, Kim HJ, Yoon SM, Kim SH, Kwon MJ, Kim HJ, Koh SJ, Chung S.
Functional Impairments in the Mental Health, Depression and Anxiety Related to the Viral Epidemic, and Disruption in Healthcare Service Utilization Among Cancer Patients in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Korea Cancer Res Treat 2022, 54: 671-679
A8. Lee J, Lee J, Kang S, Yoo S, Suh S, Lee S, Chung S.
Teachers’ perspectives on challenges in educational environment of public schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in South Korea. Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, 2021, 28 (4): 125-144
A9. Ju G, Lee J, Ahn MH, Lee J, Kim EJ, Suh S, Chung S.
Effects of Depression and Resilience of Public Workers on Work-related Stress and Anxiety in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Korea J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Sep 13;36(36):e262
A10. Hong J, Mreydem H, Abou Ali B, Saleh N, Hammoudi S, Lee J, Ahn J, Park J, Hong Y, Suh S, Chung S.
Mediation effect of resilience and self-efficacy on the psychological well-being of Lebanese people during the crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Beirut explosion. Lebanon Front Psychiatry 10 January 2022
A11. Ahn J, Lee J, Hong Y, Park J, Chung S.
The Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) for medical students: Psychometric properties of anxiety measures in COVID-19 pandemic. Korea Front Psychiatry 3 August 2021
A12. Lee HA, Ahn MH, Byun SJ, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Chung S, Shin YW, Lee KU.
How COVID-19 disturbed healthcare workers in the hospital locked down for early COVID-19 cases in South Korea. JKMS 2021,36(47):e325
A13. Park C. HK, Ju G, Yi K, Lee S, Suh S, Chung S.
Application of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6) to public workers for measuring their anxiety response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Korea Front Psychiatr 2021.12:701543
A14. Cho IK, Lee J, Kim K, Lee J, Lee S, Yoo S, Suh S, Chung S.
Schoolteachers’ Resilience Does but Self-Efficacy Does Not Mediate the Influence of Stress and Anxiety due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Subjective Well-Being. Korea Front Psychiatr 2021.12:756195
A15. Chung S, Lee T, Hong Y, Ahmed O, Silva WAD, Gouin JP
Viral Anxiety Mediates the Influence of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Adherence to Physical Distancing Among Healthcare Workers in COVID-19 Pandemic Front Psychiatr 2022;13:839656
A16. Kim HS, Ahn J, Lee J, Hong Y, Kim C, Park J, Chung S.
The Mediating Effect of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior on the Influence of Viral Anxiety and Depression on COVID-19 Obsession Among Medical Students. Front Psychiatry 2022;13:899266
A17. Lee HA, Ahn MH, Byun S, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Chung S, Shin YW, Lee KU.
How COVID-19 Affected Healthcare Workers in the Hospital Locked Down due to Early COVID-19 Cases in Korea. JKMS 2021;36:e325
A18. Lee J, Cho IK, Lee D, Kim K, Ahn MH, Chung S.
Mediating Effects of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior or Obsession With COVID-19 on the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Viral Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37:e157
A19. Lee T, Lee J, Kim H, Park CHK, Park J, Kim HW, Akça ÖF, Chung S.
Mediating Effect of Viral Anxiety and Perceived Benefits of Physical Distancing on Adherence to Distancing Among High School Students Amid COVID-19. J Korean Med Sci. 2022; 37(17):e129
A20. Jeong D, Cho IK, Kim K, Lee J, Choi JM, Kim J, Kim C, Yoo S, Chung S.
Mediating Effect of Public Service Motivation and Resilience on the Association Between Work-Related Stress and Work Engagement of Public Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investig 2022;19:501-510.
A21. Kim H, Cho IK, Lee D, Kim K, Lee J, Cho E, Park CHK, Chung S.
Effect of Cancer-Related Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep on Fear of Cancer Progression in the Coronavirus Pandemic. J Korean Med Sci 2022;37:e272
A22. Kim H, Kim H, Lee HJ, Cho E, Koh SJ, Ahmed O, Chung S
The validation study of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics–6 (SAVE-6) scale among patients with cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatr 13:811083.
A23. Hong Y, An H, Cho E, Ahmed O, Ahn MH, Yoo S, Chung S.
Psychometric properties of the Korean version of questionnaires on adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 in the general population. Front Psychiatr, 2023;14:1132169
A24. Cho IK, Ahmed O, Lee D, Cho E, Chung S, Günlü A.
Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the influence of viral anxiety on social distancing phobia among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Investigation 2022;19(9):712-721.
A25. Kim C, Ahmed O, Silva WAD, Park CHK, Yoo S, Chung S
Applicability and Psychometric Comparison of the General-Population Viral Anxiety Rating Scales among Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022;19:9946
A26. Cha EJ, Jeon HJ, Chung S
Central Symptoms of Insomnia in Relation to Depression and COVID-19 Anxiety in General Population: A Network Analysis. J Clin Med 2022;11:3416
A27. Cha EJ, Suh S, Jeon HJ, Chung S
Identifying the Bridge Between Anxiety Response to COVID-19 and Depression Symptoms in General Population: A Network Analysis. Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry 2023; 64:492–500
A28. Kim C, Ahmed O, Park CHK, Chung S
Validation of the Korean version of the Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale in COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Investigation 2022;19(6):411-417.
A29. Lee T, Ahmed O, Akça ÖF, Chung S
Psychometric properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items (SAVE-6) scale for high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatr 2022;13:815339
A30. Park CHK, Ahmed O, Pang NTP, Kamu A, Silva WAD, Chung S
Validation study of the Korean version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale and Psychometric Comparison of Different Rating Scales. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2023;168: 118-124
A31. Kim JH, Jeon MK, Chung S.
The Influence of Physical Distancing, Sense of Belonging, and Resilience of Nursing Students on Their Viral Anxiety During the COVID-19 Era. Psychiatry Investigation 2022;19:386-393
A32. Cho E, Lee D, Cho IJ, Lee J, Ahn J, Bang YR.
Insomnia Mediate the Influence of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior and Viral Anxiety on Preoccupation With COVID-19 Among the General Population. Sleep Med Res 2022;13:68-74
A33. Lee T, Cho E, Ahmed O, Ahn J, Bang YR, Lee T, Chung S, Park J.
Conscientiousness and emotional stability of high school students mediates the influence of depression on bedtime procrastination in COVID-19 pandemic
A34. Kim H, Hong J, Cho IK, Lee D, Cho E, Jun JY, Ahmed I, Chung S.
Psychometric properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 scale among frontline nursing professionals working in the COVID-19 inpatients ward. Front Psychiatry, 2022; 13: 934204.
A35. Ahn J, Bang YR, Cho E, Ahmed O, Kim JH, Hong Y, Chung S, Andersen K
Validation of the Grief Support in Healthcare Scale among frontline nursing professionals working in COVID-19 inpatient wards in Korea. Front Psychiatr, 2023;14:1097022
A36. Kim JH, Park CHK, Ahmed O, Hong Y, Chung S, Park J, Lee SA
Validation of the healthcare workers’ version of the Pandemic Grief Scale among frontline nursing professionals during the
COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023;14:1121546
A37. Kim JH, Jeon MK, Ahmed O, Chung S, Kim SY
Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items (SAVE-6) Scale Among Nursing Students During COVID-19. Korean J Psychopathol 2021; 26(1) 10-22
A38. Lee D, Kamaleddine I, Cho IK, Ahmed O, Cho E
Validation of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale and Relationship With Insomnia or Depression Among Healthcare Workers Who Witnessed Patient’s Death in COVID-19 Pandemic. Sleep Med Res 2022;13(3):158-164
A39. Hong J, Park CHK, Kim H, Hong Y, Ahn J, Jun JY, Park J, Kin JH, Bang YR, Chung S
Grief Response of Nursing Professionals Is Associated With Their Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, and Work-Related Stress While Working in COVID-19 Inpatients Wards. Psychiatry Investig, 2023;20:374-381
A40. Park M, Hong J, Park J, Chung S
Impact of Resilience and Viral Anxiety on Psychological Well-Being, Intrinsic Motivation, and Academic Stress in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investig, 2023;20:524-530
A41. Lee HS, Chung S
Grief reaction, Resilience, Public Service Motivation, and Work Engagement among Firefighters in COVID-19
A42. Du X, Runlian H, Ahmed O, Cho E, Chung S
Mediating Role of Viral Anxiety and Insomnia in Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depression Among Cold Chain Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Nov 6;38(43):e338
A43. Hong J, Chung S
Dysfunctional self-focus attributes mediates the influence of viral anxiety on preoccupation with COVID-19 among infected cases
A44. Cho IK, Lee HS, Song K, Ahmed O, Lee D, Kim J. Cho E, Jang S, Kim JH, Chung S
Assessing Stress and Anxiety in Firefighters during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Adaptation and Comparison of the SAVE-9 and SAVE-6 Scales. Psychiatry Investigation 2023;20(11):1095-1102.
A45. Sleiman J, Cho E, Lee D, Cho IK, Chung S, Uygur OF
Does Viral Anxiety Influence the Insomnia Severity Among Patients With Insomnia Disorder During COVID-19 Pandemic? Sleep Med Res 2023;14(1):25-30
A46. Kim H, Kim J, Cho E, Cho IK, Lee D, Eum SB, Kim JH, Ahn J, Chung S
Possible role of cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and intolerance of uncertainty on cognitive-behavioral model of the COVID-related hypochondriasis among cancer patients.
A47. Hammoudi SF, Ahmed O, An H, Hong Y, Ahn MH, Chung S
Adherence to physical distancing and health beliefs about COVID-19 among cancer patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Nov 06;38(43):e336
A48. Lee HJ, Sin C, Kim H, Im HS, Jo JC, Lee YJ, Kim Y, Ahn J, Yoo S, Koh SJ, Chung S
Catastrophizing Maladaptive Coping Affects the Association Between Viral Anxiety and Fear of Progression in Cancer Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investigation 2023;20:1204-1210.
A49. Song K, Chung S
Loneliness and cognitive-behavioral model of COVID-related hypochondriasis among elderly population.
A50. Chung S, Song K, Günlü A
The Effect of Psychological Inflexibility on Social-Distancing Phobia Mediated by Preoccupation With Sleep and Intolerance of Uncertainty in the Elderly Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investigation 2024;21(2):151-158
A51. S Chung, HS Lee, S Jang, YW Shin, JH Kim, JY Jun
Pandemic grief reaction and intolerance of uncertainty on cognitive-behavioral model of the COVID-related hypochondriasis among firefighters. Psychiatry Investig. 2023;20:826-833
A52. A Kandeg˘er, OF Uygur, S Chung, E Yavuz, Y Selvi
Delayed Mid-Sleep Time Associated With Weight Gain While Controlling for Eating Behaviors and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investig, 2023;20:768-774
A53. E Cho, J Hong, H Kim, CHK Park, Y Hong, J Park, JY Jun, S Chung
Influence of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Preoccupation With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Frontline Nursing Professionals: Mediating Role of Reassurance-Seeking Behavior and Adherence to Physical Distancing. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Sep 11;38(36):e282.
A54. JH Kim, S Chung
Validation of the Korean version of the Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale and its relationship with COVID-related hypochondriasis among healthcare workers who witnessed patient deaths. Brain and Behavior 2023;13:e3203
A55. CHK Park, S Yoo, O Ahmed, S Chung, S Lee.
Validation of the Pandemic Grief Risk Factors and Its Relationship With Work-Related Stress and Grief Reaction Among Healthcare Workers Who Witnessed Patient Deaths. J Korean Med Sci. 2024 Mar 25;39(11):e102
Grants & Awards
G: 2020 / The International Cooperation Program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea [FY2020K2A9A1A01094956] / Aly Sooyeon Suh
A: 2020 Fall KNPA, Poster award / Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale for assessing work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers in response to COVID-19 / Seockhoon Chung
A: 2020 Winter KSSM, Poster award / Risk perception, unhealthy behavior, and anxiety due to viral epidemic among healthcare workers: the relationships with depressive and insomnia symptoms during COVID-19 / Seockhoon Chung
A: 2021 Fall KNPA, Poster award / Mediation effect of resilience and self-efficacy on the psychological well-being of Lebanese people during the crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Beirut explosion / Seockhoon Chung
A: 2022 Spring KNPA, Paper award / Resilience and work-related stress to viral epidemic of nurses may affect on their depressive symptoms in COVID-19 pandemic era / Seockhoon Chung